Software itself has a definition of "the set of computer programs, procedures that describe the programs and how they are to be used" or set of computer programs and procedures that describe how the programs are used. Software had been the brains of the computer and determine the functions and capabilities of the hardware (Al Zayani, 2001).
Software consists of various types, namely:
Application software: Application software is a set of programs designed to perform specific jobs computer users. Application software consists of two types, namely:
- Generalized package: This type is made to do work that can be done in general computer users. Usually this type of software is distributed freely (either paid or free), such as Microsoft Office, Adobe Reader, and so on.
- Customized package: This type is created specifically to meet the demand and distributed freely. An example of a customized package is an information system that is used in data processing Compass for publishing journalism.
System software: System software is a program that is planted in the computer and a basic computer operation. System software called operating system or OS. Ex: Windows, Mac, Linux.
In creating the software, the programmers used the codes which when combined will form a specific instruction that eventually form a software. These codes are used programmers called programming languages. The most basic programming language actually consists of a collection of binary code consisting of numbers "0" and "1". This binary code is the most basic machine language. But there are still many types of programming languages, the low level language and high level language.
The discovery and development of computer software, bring up the discussion of the interaction between human and computer or human-computer Interaction. The computer system is made to be used by humans. Therefore, there are several aspects that need to be considered, namely the human aspect, program, and machinery. The computer is designed to be understood by humans. Computers filled software that contains a variety of programs to perform tasks. The program should be understood by humans so it must consider the condition of psychology, linguistics, sociology and human.
When we use computers, we are interacting with a computer. We have a dialogue with the computer system. We give orders to the system and then the system responds, and so on until the work is completed. The study of human interaction with computers called human computer interaction (HCI), which is a discipline that emphasizes the aspects of design, evaluation, and implementation of interactive computing systems for human usability by considering the phenomenon around the man himself. (ACM SIGCHI, 1992) HCI is not just learning the computer or human study, but a bridge to connect people with computers (Grant & Meadows, 2008).
The computer system is made to be used by humans. Therefore, there are several aspects that need to be considered, namely the human aspect, program, and machinery. The computer is designed to be understood by humans. Computers filled software that contains a variety of programs to perform tasks. The program should be understood by humans so it must consider the condition of psychology, linguistics, sociology humans.
The working principle of HCI is the input-process-output. Thus, having a set of computer input devices, processes, and outputs. Input device can be a keyboard, mouse, and other input media. Input (input) from the user can be a line, move the mouse, the touch keyboard, and so on. The input is then processed by a computer so results appear graphics, sound, text, and so the output device (monitor, printer, etc.). HCI working principle is similar to the principle of human communication. In the communication process there are source, message, channel, receiver, feedback. So also in the interaction with the computer. Computer users as a source that sends messages to a computer via the input device which is then received computer (receiver), processed, and displayed the results as feedback through the monitors.
The presence of computers is also helpful in the process of human communication with humans. The computer system is not only applied in a device called a computer, but applied in mobile phones. In addition, the computer now has always had innovation so its size is small and handy. This computer has prompted the discovery of the internet and then both together so it is more productive. With the computer and the Internet, one can communicate with others using email and video conference. They can exchange photos, exchange of data and so on. Computers even made a voice so as if they were talking face to face.
The computer system is also the soul of a robot. Robot filled with a program called artificial intelligence (artificial intelligent) that can perform the desired command like humans. With a shape similar to a living creature (human or animal) interactions become more real feel. Currently robot created more intelligent so they can run like a human activity. As in Japan, there are robots that could be a shop assistant who can serve the customer. The car is fitted with equipment that can detect the sound so that it can receive direct orders and work accordingly.
Virtual reality is a computer-generated graphic, interactive and three-dimensional form. Despite such obvious, but still I am not real. We can not feel the real world. Augmented reality is a supplement the real world with virtual (computer-generated) objects that apparently the presence of the same space as the real world. AR offers a natural and intuitive way for people to navigate and work effectively in real and virtual worlds (Turkle, 1995).
Application of AR and VR is frequently encountered in video games, image generation, projection head-mounted displays, tracking, haptic and tactile devices. In video games we provide input through a stick or button to move the player video games. Along with the development of technology, video games are made three-dimensional and we do certain movements like we were in the game is to move the players in the video games. The game is more fun because the game was as real. Video games is another example of The Sims live virtual. In this game there is a virtual environment, and there are people. Players that are running each character through life as desired. So in this game, our position as 'God' that govern life of every person in the virtual world.
