You know, since when people use computer technology? In Indonesia, the first computer came in was originally used by the military, banks, oil companies, agencies and government institutions such as the census of Meteorology and Geophysics Agency. Then the computer used by state universities. The development of computers extensively in Indonesia, beginning with the proliferation of personal computers began with Apple and IBM PC. International level in general computer use were introduced before 1958.
Chronology computer development of the first generation to the latest generation is as follows:
1) First generation computers, have such characteristics in this below.
a) Using a vacuum tube technology as a means of processing and data storage
b) Her memory is very low
c) Keep the high preheating
d) The ability to process data very slow
e) The size is very large
f) Fast heat and combustible
g) requires a lot of hollow tubes with a goal when there is a vacuum tube that burned
h) The use of very large power
i) Example I generation computer: ENIAC, EDVAC, and so on.
Belonging to the first generation computer was the UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer), SEAD, G-15, SWAC, and ENIAC. Such computer ENIAC used 18,000 vacuum tubes to process data. In the 1950's, several computers that employ thousands of vacuum tubes are still produced. IBM 701 computer that was made in 1953, for example, contains 4000 tubes in it.
2) Second Generation Computers
Second generation computers emerged between 1958 to 1963. The emergence of the first generation was marked by the discovery of the transistor, small electronic components that exploit the workings of the flow of charge (electrons) within the crystalline solids. The transistor has a lighter nature, stronger and more durable than tube technology.
The characteristics of the second generation of computers is as below.
a) Using transistor technology as a replacement for the vacuum tube
b) Her memory is relatively small or low,
c) The speed of data processing is higher than the previous generation,
d) The need for heating is not too high,
e) physical size is smaller than the previous generation.
f) Another advantage of the transistor is not as hot as vacuum tubes.
g) Power consumption is more efficient than previous generations.
h) is a magnetic data storage.
i) Being a starting point minicomputer phenomenon - DEC introduced its first computers: the DEC PDP-1 in 1957.
j) Beginning with the use of high-level languages - FORTRAN and COBOL programming language.
Belonging to the group are: IBM 1401, IBM 7090, and ILLIAC-11.
3) Third Generation Computers
In 1960, electronic products is still dominated by radio, tape and television who have used transistors. At that Kilby is developing IC (Integrated Circuit). Not long after, IC design Kilby displace the use of transistor and a major component in the computer. This is the third generation computers were introduced between 1963 to 1971.
The hallmark of the third generation of a computer as follows.
a) Using Monolitic Integrated Circuit (MIC) and Large Scale Integration (LSI)
b) Having more memory
c) Work faster
d) physical size is smaller than its predecessor generation
e) transistor technology was replaced with the use of a chip that contains hundreds or thousands of compressed transistor
f) Using technology small-and medium-scale integration
g) As a starting point the phenomenon of microcomputers
h) Computers are becoming smaller and cheaper
i) The concept of 'time sharing' introduced
j) Many programming languages produced - BASIC, PASCAL
k) An example of this generation computers: IBM System/360 and DEC PDP-8.
4) Fourth Generation Computers
The impact of good ideas that have been developed Kilby IC technology can be felt in the presence of computers in the form of a smarter, work faster and more reliable, has a very large memory capacity as well as other advantages, although the shape and volume even smaller.
The fourth generation computers were introduced since 1971.
The characteristics of fourth generation computers are:
a) has been using Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS),
b) in this group is the production of computers BMC, IBM and Apple are now circulating in the market.
5) Fifth Generation Computer
Thanks to its popularity among households and the business world, at around 1982 Personal Computer (Personal Computer) that the magazine "Time" was named "Man of the Year". Further ahead in the 1990s, the ability of personal computers increased dramatically almost equal ability multiuser computer. Now a high-level computer (higher-end computer) more often apart from the personal computer in terms of stability and better multitasking capabilities, rather than relying solely on the ability of the CPU.
The characteristics of the fifth generation computer as beriut:
1) using a technology-Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI);
2) have multiple CPU processors that can work simultaneously.
b. The Development of Information and Communication Technology
We all know that computer as a transmitter of information and communication in the work does not stand alone. This means that the computer can operate as it is supported by various other devices.
c. History of Computer Processors
In a computer system, the processor is the brain and control center. At this size has reached gigahertz processor. Size indicates a count of processor speed in processing data or information. The bigger the size of the processor, the faster the processing and accessing data or information. Some processors are many brands found in the market are: AMD American Micro Devices), APPLE, Cirex ё VIA, IBM, IDT, and Intel.
